![]() Three Romances for Violin and Piano, 1853Ī display of sophisticated lyrical lines and daring complexity. The couple were known for sharing musical ideas with each other, and their close friend Johannes Brahms. Undoubtedly her marriage to Robert Schumann influenced her music. Her talent earnt her a prestigious place at the Society of the Friends of Music in Vienna. Her career began as a child prodigy pianist, taught by her father Friedrich Wieck who insisted on spending time teaching her harmony and counterpoint so she could go on to perform her own works. Let's take a look at 15 of the best Romantic composers and their works.Ĭlara Schumann was a gifted composer at a time where the profession was highly male-dominated. Eight of the best BME composers you should know about.What are the different periods of classical music?.Manufacturing innovations during the Industrial Revolution made musical instruments more widely available and less costly. Innovations: The Industrial Revolution and Music-Instrument Manufacture Schubert’s sonatas typically feature lyrical themes that resist development and often use three keys in the exposition, rather than two. ![]() Schubert wrote marches, dances, and lyrical works suitable for the amateur market and larger works, including eleven sonatas and the Wanderer Fantasie (1822), for more accomplished performers. In the nineteenth century, the piano became the main instrument for music-making in the home, creating a steady demand for piano music. In his "Great" Symphony in C Major, Schubert blended Romantic lyricism and Beethovenian drama within an expanded Classical form. In his Unfinished Symphony, Schubert used material from the introduction for the development section while focusing the main thematic areas on memorable, lyrical melodies like those of his songs and piano works. In Der Lindenbaum (The Linden Tree) from Winterreise, Schubert conveys the meaning of the poem through form, melody, accompaniment, and harmony. In Erlkönig (The Erlking), triplets in the accompaniment suggest a galloping horse and the anxiety of a father, while the singer presents three different characters, each with distinctive music. In Gretchen am Spinnrade (Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel), the piano suggests the spinning wheel and Gretchen’s agitation as she thinks of her beloved. The soft solo clarinet melody in the second movement of Symphony No. In Schubert’s music, the figuration of the accompaniment always fits the poem’s mood and the personality of the protagonist. Longer and more lyric vocal-modeled tunes also play. For example, he used modified strophic form to depict contrast or change. Schubert always chose forms that suited the shape and meaning of the text. Schubert set poetry by many writers, including Goethe, and wrote two song cycles on poems by Wilhelm Müller: Die schöne Müllerin (The Pretty Miller Maid, 1823) and Winterreise (A Winter’s Journey, 1827). Schubert used harmony as an expressive device and often modulated to the mediant or submediant. ![]() Best known for his Lieder, Schubert was a prolific composer in all genres. He never held a salaried musical position and gained most of his income from publication. His true love was music, and he composed in his free time with astonishing speed. Music: NAWM 122Īfter studying music as a child, Schubert became a schoolmaster, working in his father’s school for several years. Schubert composed beautiful melodies that capture the character and situation of their poetry. The characteristics of the Romantic Lied are exemplified in the songs of Schubert, who wrote over six hundred Lieder. Franz Schubert (CHWM 412–21, NAWM 121–22 and 133)įranz Schubert (1797–1828) was a prolific composer and made significant contributions to song, symphony, solo-piano, and chamber-music repertoires. Most chamber music in the early nineteenth century came from composers strongly influenced by the Classical tradition, such as Schubert, Mendelssohn, and Schumann. ![]() Improvements in piano manufacturing and design made it ideal for home music-making and public concerts. Lieder composers often grouped their songs into collections and song cycles. The ballad, a form of long narrative poem imitating a folk ballad, inspired composers to use more varied themes and textures and to make the piano part as important in expressing the poetry as the voice. ![]() The German art song, or Lied, was the most suitable medium for the literary and lyrical tendencies of Romanticism. Central to public concert life was the orchestra. Some writers thought that because music was free from the concreteness of words and visual images, it could evoke emotions that words could not. The first generation of Romantic composers found new ways to engage the established musical genres of the eighteenth century. ![]()
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